The universe known to be expanding – there are various bits of evidence to support that (red-shift etc) and the rate can be measured. If you work the measurements backwards in time, you see that the universe grew from something smaller…..something so small that what we know of physics does not really work. It is called a singularity – a tiny thing from which the universe formed. All strange and difficult to imagine (even believe). Einstein’s demonstration that energy can be converted to mass makes it easier to swallow – there was an awful lot of energy, converted into mass during and after the big bang.
It is the instant when all matter is believed to have been created from a singularity – an infinitessimally small something that contained all matter within it. It cannot be proven and it cannot be created in the lab, but maths and astrophysics point to that being the way the universe started – the big bang.
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